Character Sketch For Shiloh Essay Research Paper free essay sample

Character Sketch For Shiloh Essay, Research Paper Character study for Shiloh Character Sketch In Bobbie Ann Mason s narrative Shiloh she presents the character of Norma Jean as holding a strong personality but an emptiness deep within. Norma Jean is presented as a strong character on the exterior in the gap of the narrative. She lifts three-pound dumbbells to tune-up, the advancements to a twenty-pound barbell. ( Mason p. 46 ) . However as the narrative progresses she exhibits the emptiness which she feels. One twenty-four hours Leroy arrives place from a thrust and finds Norma Jean in cryings. ( Mason p. 50 ) . Norma Jean feels an emptiness toward her asleep kid, her hubby, and besides her female parent. Her emptiness toward her hubby may be seen in the manner she interacts with him. She feels really uncomfortable when she is around him. Norma Jean is ever seeking to happen something for him to make. When he arrived back place Mason states the she seems a little defeated. ( Mason p. 47 ) . The emptiness she feels toward her female parent is presented in the feelings she has toward her. Her asleep boy symbolizes her emptiness because of his decease. In the beginning of the narrative Norma Jean tries to hide the emptiness that she has felt for so many old ages. Mason first presents her as a strong character by explicating how she works out and would wish to go stronger. She may go stronger physically, but nil can get the better of the emptiness which she feels. Norma Jean tries to aid her hubby acquire a occupation, and she gives him a assortment of thoughts for this. She does non enjoy being around him because their relationship makes her experience uncomfortable. Mason nowadayss Norma Jean and Leroy as holding many differences. The two do non cognize how to discourse their jobs, hence Norma Jean conceals all of the emptiness she feels inside her. Norma Jean feels an emptiness towards her hubby because he has been gone so long. She has learned how to populate without him but, the emptiness settles in due to this. Norma Jean does non cognize how to show her feeling of emptiness to her hubby. Due to this, Norma Jean lets her emptiness get the better of the strength that she is perceived as holding and decides to stop her matrimony. As the narrative returns, Norma Jean s emptiness begins to get the better of her. She feels more of an emptiness toward her female parent. She feels as though her female parent, Mabel, is ever pecking her about something ; whether it be smoking or that her wash is stacking up. The scene in which her female parent catches her smoke and Leroy arrives place to happen her weeping symbolizes her emptiness. She feels overwhelmed when her female parent starts speaking about Leroy and Norma Jean taking a trip to Shiloh. Norma Jean has no apparent ground to travel at that place. When her female parent starts coercing her about taking the trip, it makes the feeling of emptiness overcome her because of all the emotions she is experiencing. Norma Jean believes that Mabel brings up treatments merely to do her emptiness show through. Mabel tells Norma Jean about a babe who has its leg chewed of by a Canis familiaris, due to its parents neglect. This treatment makes Norma Jean feel an emptiness in herself for her asleep boy. A feeling of emptiness is created through the decease of her boy due to the emotions which she felt. Norma Jean did non experience comfy plenty to portion her ideas of her boy s decease with her hubby. After her boy s decease, she bottled up her emotions and neer radius of them once more. They neer speak about their memories of Randy, which hold about faded, but now that Leroy is home all the clip, they sometimes wonder if one of them should advert the kid. ( Mason p. 47 ) . Norma Jean could non discourse the jobs of her boies decease with anyone. She let these feelings take over her life and make an emptiness. Throughout the narrative it is seen how the sequence of events that happen get down to unfold the empty feeling that Norma Jean feels but how she is besides portrayed as a strong adult female. Sometimes no affair how much strength one has, a failing may fall over them. Norma Jean s failing was the emptiness that she felt in her life. She did non allow anyone know that she felt such an emptiness and this is what destroyed her and her matrimony in the terminal.

The hobbit Analysis Essay Example For Students

The hobbit Analysis Essay The book begins with Biblo Baggins enjoying a pipe after breakfast. This is one of his favorite pleasures and he feels quite content in doing so. He is middle-aged, and resides in a burrow in the ground. One morning Gandalf, a wizard stops by to talk with Biblo. He tells Biblo that he is looking for someone to go on an adventure with him. Although Biblo is tempted he declines, but not before inviting Gandalf for tea the next morning. The next day Biblo hears his doorbell and he remembers inviting Gandalf for tea, but instead of the wizard at the door, there is a group of dwarves, thirteen in all. Thorin son of the dwarf king starts to outline a plan on how to regain the treasure stolen by the dragon Smaug. Biblo is shocked to realize these plans involve him. He then realizes that Gandalf has tricked him by inscribing on his door that he was a burglar seeking a job with lots of excitement. With all this talk of quests and glory Biblo decides to join the party after all. Gandalf reveal s a key and a map of their journey, which ends at the Lonely Mountain. It is there that the treasure of Thorins ancestors is guarded by Smaug. The quest begins and the party meets at the Green Dragon Inn. From there they venture into the Lone-lands. As heavy rains begin to fall, Biblo notices that Gandalf is missing. When it starts to pour they stop to investigate a light. Their Biblo finds three trolls grumbling about food. Biblo decides to live up to title of burglar and attempts to pick one of the trolls pockets. However they quickly capture him. The dwarfs see whats going on and try to save Biblo but all of them except Thorin are caught. Thorin formulates a plan to free them but fails. Gandalf returns and occupies the trolls till dawn, and then they turn into stone. The group takes the two swords and a knife the trolls were carrying. The travelers come across the Secret Valley. There they stop at Elronds Last Homely House. Elrond tells them the only way to use the key that Thori n possesses is to wait where the thrush knocks and the setting sun will shine up on the keyhole. The next morning the group heads toward the Misty Mountains. A storm has caused them to seek shelter in a cave. The cave however turns out to be an entrance to the goblin kingdom. Again the group is captured. Only Gandalf is free, and he slays the Goblin King, and once again frees the party from doom. During the escape Biblo is knocked unconscious and is left behind. He awakes to find a ring of power that belongs to Gollum, which makes its wearer invisible. Biblo slips the ring on his finger and disappears. He follows Gollum invisibly toward the entrance to the outside world. He then jumps over Gollums head to freedom. Outside he is finds his dwarf friends. Later they encounter Wargs, which are large savage wolves. The Wargs chase the party into the trees. High in the trees Gandalf uses a spell to start the pine cones on fire, in order to drive the wolves away. However the plan backfires and the very trees they took refuge in is now burning. Luckily for them the king of the eagles spots them. He and his eagles drop out of the sky and saves the party. The eagles drop them off near Mirkwood Forest. This is where they come across Beorn; a bear like man who can change into a bear. He puts them up for the night and outfits them with supplies for their trip into Mirkwood. He also warns them not to stray from the path in the forest. When they are ready to enter the forest, Gandalf announces he will not be accompanying them in this part of the journey. The group feels lost without him but they go on. They come across a black river. It is here that Bombur, one of the Dwarves falls in and is forced into a sleep from which he cannot awake. Food is scarce now and the hungry travelers are lured off the path by visions of elves feasting in the forest. To their surprise every time they announce their presence to the elvesthey elves vanish! Once again Biblo finds himself separated from the group. He stops for a short nap and awakes to find himself tied down by a giant spider. He uses his sword to cut himself free. He then attacks the spider and kills it. Feeling proud of his deed, he decides to name his sword Sting. Biblo finds his friends deep within the forest. They too have been captured by spiders, but have not escaped. Biblo puts on his m magic ring and forms a plan to rescue his friends. It works and the party gets out of danger. The celebration of escaping the spiders is short lived since the dwarfs are again captured by Wood Elves. Biblo again uses his ring and escapes capture. He followed the elves to there home in the forest. There he forms a plan to free his friends. He opens their cells and seals them in barrels. He then floats the barrels up the river to Lake-town and freedom. In Lake-town they get more supplies and venture to the Lonely Mountain. On the mountain they heard a thrush drop a snail to the rocks. Recalling what Beorn told them about the thrush and sunlight, they quickly found the hidden back entrance to Smaugs lair. Biblo puts on his ring and goes to confront the dragon. It is there he notices that in Smaugs underbelly there is a place that is not covered by his iron like scales. After conversing with the dragon Biblo returns to the party. Smaug however is angry about his little invisible visitor and heads to destroy Lake-town. When the dragon attacks, a thrush told Bard (the captain of the archers) that Smaug has a weak spot in his breast. Bard used his black arrow to slay the beast. Then the towns people made him king of Lake- town. With smaug dead the men and elves go to claim his hoarded treasure. Dwarf troops under Thorins kinsman Dain also appear. There fighting is soon changed to alliance when the Wargs and Goblins approach and so The Battle of the Five Armies begins. During the battle Thorin is hurt and Biblo gets knocked unconscious by falling rocks. The eagles as well as Beorn, in bear form join the fray. The Wargs and goblins are defeated. Biblo later returns to his burrow under the hill with a chest of treasure, a ring of power, and a great story to tell. I liked this book a lot because the author uses characters that appear only in fairy tales, but gives them human traits. I especially liked the way Biblo changed from a tea drinking *censored* to an iron-fighting adventurer. I would highly recommend this book for children of all ages as well as adults. It has something about it that wont let you put it down, it is a very good novel. .u80c857d9327e0bb3fdc12cace8c91134 , .u80c857d9327e0bb3fdc12cace8c91134 .postImageUrl , .u80c857d9327e0bb3fdc12cace8c91134 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u80c857d9327e0bb3fdc12cace8c91134 , .u80c857d9327e0bb3fdc12cace8c91134:hover , .u80c857d9327e0bb3fdc12cace8c91134:visited , .u80c857d9327e0bb3fdc12cace8c91134:active { border:0!important; } .u80c857d9327e0bb3fdc12cace8c91134 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u80c857d9327e0bb3fdc12cace8c91134 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u80c857d9327e0bb3fdc12cace8c91134:active , .u80c857d9327e0bb3fdc12cace8c91134:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u80c857d9327e0bb3fdc12cace8c91134 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u80c857d9327e0bb3fdc12cace8c91134 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u80c857d9327e0bb3fdc12cace8c91134 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u80c857d9327e0bb3fdc12cace8c91134 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u80c857d9327e0bb3fdc12cace8c91134:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u80c857d9327e0bb3fdc12cace8c91134 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u80c857d9327e0bb3fdc12cace8c91134 .u80c857d9327e0bb3fdc12cace8c91134-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u80c857d9327e0bb3fdc12cace8c91134:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Police Brutality Essay We will write a custom essay on The hobbit Analysis specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now

Modernist Art in Europe essays

Modernist Art in Europe essays Modernist Art in Europe 1910-25 by Robert l. Herbert Herberts thesis of his essay is to investigate the arrival of the machine and modern art and its complexities. During WWI, modernist painting and sculpture paid major attention to machinery, science and industry. Modern art during that time has become a central factor in our culture due to its dominance in public art, museums, media and literature. Herbert brings in background information and stated the avant-garde of Pisarro, van Gogh, Monet, Renoir, etc. The industrial revolution had a stronger grip on society during the 19th century, and during this time, modern art was associated with primitive nature. During the rise of industrial art their was a rise of landscapes and paintings of rural everyday life. Also, the new technique and style which became the handcraft to modern art was so avant-garde from the academic art. Modern art was involved with cubism, futurism and vorticism. He explains that all of these arts consisted of the importance of handcraft, creativity, individuali ty, and original expression. Herbert keeps bringing in the fact the machine was the leading sign of modernity. There was no more of a gap between handwork and the machine. Also, that the machine became so important in modern art because it was now a part of daily urban life, due to subways, telephones, automobiles, sewing machines, bicycles, televisions, cinema, and more advanced photographic and advertising developments. Herbert states that although the machine became a large factor in art that it was not incorporated in the work of all modernists, such as Picasso and Braque. The author then describes the modern art in epic cubism, and how it focused on geometric architecture and structures of mechanical parts with organic rhythm of daily life. And how Italian futurism dealt with modern city life, but with more immediacy, more implied movement. It was similar to cubist but with more calc ...

Biography of Saddam Hussein, Dictator of Iraq

Biography of Saddam Hussein, Dictator of Iraq Saddam Hussein (April 28, 1937–December 30, 2006) was the ruthless dictator of Iraq from 1979 until 2003. He was the adversary of the United States during the Persian Gulf War and found himself once again at odds with the U.S. in 2003 during the Iraq War. Captured by U.S. troops, Saddam Hussein was put on trial for crimes against humanity (he killed thousands of his own people) and was ultimately executed on December 30, 2006. Fast Facts: Saddam Hussein Known For: Dictator of Iraq from 1979–2003Also Known As: Saddam Hussein al-Tikriti, The Butcher of BaghdadBorn: April 28, 1937 in Al-Ê ¿Awjah, IraqParents: Hussein Abd al-Majid, Subha Tulfah al-MussallatDied: December 30, 2006  in Baghdad, IraqEducation: High school in Baghdad; law school for three years (did not graduate)Published Works:  Novels including Zabiba and the King, The Fortified Castle, Men and the City, Begone DemonsSpouses: Sajida Talfah, Samira ShahbandarChildren: Uday Hussein, Qusay Hussein, Raghad Hussein, Rana Hussein,Hala HusseinNotable Quote: We are ready to sacrifice our souls, our children, and our families so as not to give up Iraq. We say this so no one will think that America is capable of breaking the will of the Iraqis with its weapons. Early Years Saddam, which means he who confronts, was born in 1937 a village called al-Auja, outside of Tikrit in northern Iraq. Either just before or just after his birth, his father disappeared from his life. Some accounts say that his father was killed; others say he abandoned his family. At almost the same time, Saddams older brother died of cancer. His mothers depression made it impossible for her to care for the young Saddam, and he was sent to live with his uncle Khairullah Tulfah who was briefly imprisoned for political activity. Several years later, Saddams mother remarried a man who was illiterate, immoral, and brutal. Saddam returned to his mother but hated living with his stepfather and as soon as his uncle Khairullah Tulfah (his mothers brother) was released from prison in 1947, Saddam insisted that he go live with his uncle. Saddam didnt start primary school until he moved in with his uncle at age 10. At age 18, Saddam graduated from primary school and applied to military school. Joining the military had been Saddams dream and when he wasnt able to pass the entrance exam, he was devastated. (Though Saddam was never in the military, he frequently wore military-style outfits later in life.) Saddam then moved to Baghdad and started law school, but he found school boring and enjoyed politics more. Saddam Hussein Enters Politics Saddams uncle, an ardent Arab nationalist, introduced him to the world of politics. Iraq, which had been a British colony from the end of World War I until 1932, was bubbling with internal power struggles. One of the groups vying for power was the Baath Party, to which Saddams uncle was a member. In 1957 at age 20, Saddam joined the Baath Party. He started out as a low-ranking member of the Party responsible for leading his schoolmates in rioting. In 1959, however, he was chosen to be a member of an assassination squad. On October 7, 1959, Saddam and others attempted but failed to assassinate the prime minister. Wanted by the Iraqi government, Saddam was forced to flee. He lived in exile in Syria for three months and then moved to Egypt, where he lived for three years. In 1963, the Baath Party successfully overthrew the government and took power, which allowed Saddam to return to Iraq from exile. While home, he married his cousin, Sajida Tulfah. However, the Baath Party was overthrown after only nine months in power and Saddam was arrested in 1964 after another coup attempt. He spent 18 months in prison, where he was tortured before he escaped in July 1966. During the next two years, Saddam became an important leader within the Baath Party. In July 1968, when the Baath Party again gained power, Saddam was made vice president. Over the next decade, Saddam became increasingly powerful. On July 16, 1979, the president of Iraq was forced to resign and Saddam officially took the position. The Dictator of Iraq Saddam Hussein ruled Iraq with a brutal hand, using fear and terror to stay in power. He established a secret police force that suppressed internal dissenters and developed a cult of personality to build public support. His goal was to become the leader of the Arab world, with territory to include the oil fields of the Persian Gulf. Saddam led Iraq in a war against Iran from 1980 to 1988, which ended in a stalemate. Also during the 1980s, Saddam used chemical weapons against Kurds within Iraq, including gassing the Kurdish town of Halabja which killed 5,000 in March 1988. In 1990, Saddam ordered Iraqi troops to take the country of Kuwait. In response, the United States defended Kuwait in the Persian Gulf War. On March 19, 2003, the United States attacked Iraq. Saddam fled Baghdad during the fighting. On December 13, 2003, U.S. forces found him hiding in a hole in al-Dwar, near Tikrit. Death In October 2005, Saddam was tried by the Iraqi High Tribunal on charges of killing the people of the town of Al-Dujay. After a dramatic nine-month trial, he was found guilty of crimes against humanity, including killing and torture, and was sentenced to death. On December 30, 2006, Saddam Hussein was executed by hanging; his body was later removed to a secret location. Legacy The actions of Saddam Hussein have had a powerful impact on international politics for the 21st century. Americas relationship with Iraq and other nations of the Middle East were strongly influenced by the conflicts with Saddams Iraq. The fall of Saddam in 2003 was pictured around the world with images of his statue being pulled down by cheering Iraqis. Since Saddams fall, however, a number of challenges made life in Iraq extraordinarily difficult; employment remains low, and the rise of Al Qaeda and the Islamic State (ISIS) led to violence. Sources: The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica. â€Å"Saddam Hussein.†Ã‚  Encyclopà ¦dia Britannica, 18 Jan. 2019.â€Å"Saddam Hussein Biography.†Ã‚  Encyclopedia of World Biography, Advameg, Inc.Saddam Caught Like a Rat in a Hole.  CNN.com, 15 December 2003.â€Å"Saddam Hussein Biography.†Ã‚  Encyclopedia of World Biography.

Literary criticism of exegesis Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Literary criticism of exegesis - Research Paper Example Luke’s gospel has many features, distinguishing it from other scripts. Since Luke explicitly says that it intends to describe everything in order, the great interest is dedicated to the structure of his Gospel and its comparison with the other parts of the Holy Bible. He uses the same general scheme as Matthew and Mark, although the details of the structure have a lot of specific features. Analyzing the verse of Luke 9:18-36, we can see a lot of peculiarities, which arise during the reading of the script. The context, preceding this verse reveals the following. Sending to the service his twelve disciples, Jesus gave them two assignments. They were to preach the kingdom of God and to heal the sick people. They were able to commit this will, because Jesus gave them power over the world of demons and above the sphere of physical ailments. Christ Himself has revealed His power over both of these areas. Healing must have been performed particularly by the disciples as the evidence of their faith. That fact that Jesus gave them the appropriate "power" represents Him as the Messiah, who has the ability to enter a person into the kingdom of God. From this moment people had to show their faith also in relation to the twelve disciples, because in this way they would have revealed their faith in the Messiah. Hosting the disciples was the indicator, which revealed the confidence of people in them. The mission of disciples was not long and soon they returned to Jesus with the report.

Banking and Finance Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4250 words

Banking and Finance - Essay Example Globalisation has not only offered a whole range of opportunities to the corporate world, but the retail customer too has a whole range of options to carry out banking transactions. The banking industry too has implemented a wide range of strategies in order to make its services more attractive to the customers, while taking best advantage of the advancements in the IT. In this study an effort would be made to form a reliable strategic analysis about the banking industry in general with particular emphasis about the industry in Cyprus. Banking services in general are broadly of two types namely, retail banking and corporate banking or business banking. While retail banking serves the individual customer, Corporate Banking, as the name itself suggests, implies that the services are extended by banks and financial institutions towards fulfilling the diverse banking needs of the corporate world. The banking and financial services offered for local as well as global operations by banks forms the working capital of the companies. Different banks have different types of strategies to deal with corporate customers, but Tyler and Stanley (2001) emphasize that a strong inclination towards the use of personal relationship between banker and company client continues to be the cornerstone of this type of banking. In today's context such interactions become all the more crucial because more alternatives are available to the customers now. Banks and financial institutions also realize the heightened levels of competition and try to adopt as many customer friendly measures as possible to have good customer profile. The ongoing economic recession has had an adverse impact on the Cyprus economy as well. If recent reports are an indication, the economic activity in Cyprus is yet to see an upward trend. News reports indicate that despite some indications of revival in the economic conditions of rest of the European region, the Cypriot economy appear to see a full year of contraction (EIU, 2009). Slump in construction activity, falling investment spending and weak external demand are termed as major factors contributing towards this scenario. This might result in a challenging situation for the banking industry in Cyprus. 1.4. Banking Industry in Cyprus: PESTLE Analysis Tools like PESTLE and Porter's five forces analysis help in analyzing the overall situation prevailing in the market in an effective manner. PESTLE stands for political, economical, socio-cultural, technological, legal and ecological factors. It is

Moral Education Essay Example for Free

Moral Education Essay Moral education can be given better by parents at home, than by schoolmasters and professors in schools and colleges. Parents have numberless opportunities of guiding their children by pre ¬cept and example, opportunities denied to the teacher. Who generally meets his pupils in large classes, and seldom has the means of becoming intimately acquainted with their several char ¬acters and the faults, other than intellectual faults, to which each of them is particularly prone. The first point of importance to notice with regard to moral instruction is that, in the words of the proverb, example is better than precept. This is too often forgotten by parents, especially in the case of young children. Many parents are emphatic in incul-cating truthfulness, but, on very slight occasion think it advisable to escape the importunity or curiosity of children by deception, if not by actual falsehood. They fondly hope that the deceit will pass unnoticed; but children are keener observers than they are generally supposed to be, and very quick to detect any discrep ¬ancy between preaching and practice on the part of their elders. It is therefore imperative that parents in all cases should them ¬selves act up to the moral precepts that they inculcate upon their children. Another important point in the home training of children is careful selection of associates of their own age who will not teach them bad habits. For the same reason, especially in rich houses, great care must be taken that the servants do not exert an evil influence on their moral character. Bad servants teach a child to be deceitful and disobedient by secretly helping him to enjoy forbidden pleasures, which of course they warn him he must on no account mention to his parents. They may also render a child rude and overbearing by servile submission to his caprices and bad temper. If we now pass from home to school life, we see that the first great disadvantage that the school-master labours under is that it is very difficult for him to gain the affections of his pupils. A father can generally appeal to filial love as an inducement towards obeying the moral rules he prescribes. But a school-master ap ¬pears to boys in the position of a task-master, and is too often without reason regarded by them as their natural enemy, particu ¬larly by those whom he has to punish for idleness or other faults, that is, by the very boys who stand most in need of moral instruction. Even when a school-master has got over this hostile feeling, he finds that the large amount of daily teaching expected from him leaves him little leisure to give his pupils friendly advice in the intervals between lessons. It has been proposed in India that formal lessons in morality should be given in schools and colleges. But it is to be feared that lessons so delivered from the school-master’s desk or the professor’s chair would produce little more effect than is obtained by the writing of moral sentences in copy-books. In the great public schools of England the masters have opportunities of de ¬livering moral lessons under more favourable conditions, when they preach the weekly sermon on Sunday in the sacred precincts of the school chapel. The Indian teacher has no such opportunity of using his eloquence in guiding the members of his school towards moral enthusiasm. Yet he can do much by the power of personal example, and by creating in the minds of his pupils admiration for the great English writers, who in prose or verse give expression to the highest moral thoughts. In addition to this, all intellectual education is in proportion to its success a powerful deterrent from vice, as it enables us to see more clearly the evil effects that follow from disobedience to moral rules.